Internet gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction that shares similarities with substance use disorders. It involves repetitive, compulsive online gambling behaviors that lead to distress and impairment in personal, social, or occupational functioning. Symptoms include preoccupation with gambling, increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when not gambling, and unsuccessful attempts to control or stop gambling.

Recent Studies on Ketamine and IGD

Several recent studies have explored the use of ketamine as a treatment for IGD, yielding promising results:
1. Study on Ketamine Infusions: A 2022 study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology investigated the effects of ketamine infusions on individuals with IGD. The study involved 20 participants who received a series of ketamine infusions over a two-week period. Results indicated significant reductions in gambling cravings and behaviors, with many participants reporting improved mood and reduced anxiety. The study suggested that ketamine’s impact on the brain’s reward system might play a crucial role in mitigating compulsive gambling behaviors.

2. Pilot Study on Ketamine and CBT: Another recent study, conducted in 2023, combined ketamine treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to assess the synergistic effects on IGD. This pilot study included 15 participants who received weekly ketamine infusions alongside CBT sessions. The findings revealed that the combination therapy was more effective in reducing gambling behaviors and improving overall mental health compared to CBT alone. Participants also reported greater motivation to engage in therapy and sustained reductions in gambling urges.

3. Neuroimaging Studies: Neuroimaging studies have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying ketamine’s effects on IGD. Research published in Neuropsychopharmacology in 2023 used functional MRI to examine changes in brain activity before and after ketamine treatment. The results showed increased connectivity in brain regions associated with impulse control and decision-making, suggesting that ketamine may help rewire neural pathways involved in addictive behaviors.

Also Read: TMS Treatment for Internet Gambling Disorder

Mechanisms of Action

The exact mechanisms by which ketamine exerts its therapeutic effects on IGD are still being explored. However, several hypotheses have been proposed:
* Glutamate Modulation: Ketamine’s ability to modulate glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory, may help reset dysfunctional neural circuits associated with addiction.
* Antidepressant Effects: The rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine can alleviate co-occurring depression and anxiety, which are common in individuals with IGD, thereby reducing the urge to gamble as a coping mechanism.
* Neuroplasticity: Ketamine promotes neuroplasticity, enhancing the brain’s ability to adapt and form new, healthier connections, which may aid in breaking the cycle of compulsive gambling.

Conclusion

The recent studies offer a glimpse of hope for those battling this addiction. The promising results indicate that ketamine, especially when combined with traditional therapies like CBT, could become a valuable tool in the fight against IGD.

References
1. “Ketamine Infusions for Internet Gambling Disorder: A Pilot Study,” Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2022.
2. “Combining Ketamine and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Internet Gambling Disorder,” Behavioral Addictions Journal, 2023.
3. “Neuroimaging Insights into Ketamine’s Effects on Gambling Addiction,” Neuropsychopharmacology, 2023.